 | This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: Inclusion of 2019 Hong Kong protests, COVID-19. (November 2019) |
Anti-Western sentiment has been increasing in China since the early 1990s, particularly amongst Chinese young adults.[1] Notable incidents which have resulted in a significant anti-Western backlash have included the 1999 NATO bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade,[2] the 2008 demonstrations during the Olympic torch relay[3] and alleged Western media bias,[4] especially in relation to the March 2008 Tibet riots.[5]
While available public opinion polls show that the Chinese hold generally favorable views towards the United States,[6] there remains suspicion over the West's motives towards China[6] stemming largely from historical experiences and specifically the 'century of humiliation'.[7] Some allege that these suspicions have been increased by the Chinese Communist Party's Patriotic Education Campaign.[8] The reliability of public opinion polls of the Chinese population has also been questioned due to the 'political culture' in China, which may lead to respondents giving socially acceptable answers.[9][10]
- ^ "Anti-western sentiment flourishes in China". ABC. 24 April 2008. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ Peter Hays Gries (July 2001). "Tears of Rage: Chinese Nationalist Reactions to the Belgrade Embassy Bombing". The China Journal. 46 (46). Canberra, Australia: Contemporary China Center, Australian National University: 25–43. doi:10.2307/3182306. ISSN 1324-9347. JSTOR 3182306. OCLC 41170782. S2CID 145482835.
- ^ "Protests against 'Tibet independence' erupt in cities". China Daily. 19 April 2008. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
- ^ "Looking past Western media bias against China". China Daily. 28 February 2008. Retrieved 7 June 2009.
- ^ "China criticises Western media". BBC News. 25 March 2008. Retrieved 7 June 2009.
- ^ a b "Hope and Fear: Full report of C-100's Survey on American and Chinese Attitudes Toward Each Other" (PDF). Committee of 100 with assistance from Zogby International and Horizon Research Consultancy Group. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 November 2008. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ Peter Ford (17 April 2008). "Chinese vent anti-Western fury online". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ Zhao, Suisheng: "A State-led Nationalism: The Patriotic Education Campaign in Post-Tiananmen China", Communist and Post-Communist Studies, Vol. 31, No. 3. 1998. pp. 287-302
- ^ Christopher A. Ford (30 June 2015). China Looks at the West: Identity, Global Ambitions, and the Future of Sino-American Relations. University Press of Kentucky. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-8131-6539-4.
- ^ Suzanne Ogden; Professor of Political Science Suzanne Ogden (2002). Inklings of Democracy in China. Harvard Univ Asia Center. p. 384. ISBN 978-0-674-00879-3.
© MMXXIII Rich X Search. We shall prevail. All rights reserved. Rich X Search